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What is a /32 Subnet?

Last reviewed: May 2026

A /32 is fundamentally different from all other prefix lengths — it is not a network segment. A /32 identifies a single, specific host IP address. All 32 bits are set in the mask (255.255.255.255), meaning there are no bits left for host addressing. There is no network address, no broadcast address, and no "subnet" in the traditional sense — only the host itself.

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Quick Facts: 192.0.2.1/32 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.255  ·  Wildcard: 0.0.0.0  ·  Total IPs: 1  ·  Usable: 1 (the host itself)  ·  No network address  ·  No broadcast address

Full Breakdown

PropertyValue
Prefix length/32
Subnet mask255.255.255.255
Wildcard mask0.0.0.0
Total addresses1
Usable host addresses1* (the host address itself)
Network addressNone — the single IP is the host address
Broadcast addressNone
Binary mask11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111

* A /32 has no network or broadcast address. The single IP is the host address itself.

Use Cases for /32

Loopback Interfaces on Routers and Switches

Network devices use /32 for loopback interfaces. A loopback is a virtual interface that is always up as long as the device is running — it is not tied to a physical port that could go down. Loopback IPs are used as:

BGP Host Routes

ISPs and large networks advertise /32 host routes in BGP to announce a specific IP address to the internet. For example, an Anycast DNS server might be reached via a /32 route advertised from multiple locations. A /32 is also used in traffic engineering to steer specific IPs to specific paths.

AWS Security Group Rules

In AWS, when you add an inbound rule to a security group with a /32 CIDR source, you are allowing traffic from exactly one IP address:

AWS Network ACLs and Firewall Rules

Network ACLs in AWS (and firewall rules generally) also use /32 to target a single IP address, for both allowing and denying traffic.

Static Host Routes

A static route with a /32 destination tells a router exactly where to send traffic destined for one specific IP — useful for routing management traffic, VPN split-tunneling configurations, or blackhole routes to block specific attackers.

AWS Security Group Tip

When you want to restrict access to a service to only your office's public IP, use YOUR.IP.HERE/32 as the inbound CIDR. This ensures only your exact IP — not an entire range — is permitted. Find your public IP at whatismyip.com and append /32.

Comparison: /32 vs /31 vs /30

CIDRSubnet MaskTotal IPsUsableTypical Use
/30255.255.255.25242Point-to-point WAN links (traditional)
/31255.255.255.25422Point-to-point WAN links (RFC 3021, no broadcast)
/32255.255.255.25511Host route, loopback, single-IP security rule
Key distinction: /30 and /31 are network segments connecting two devices. A /32 is not a segment at all — it is a single host identifier. You cannot "connect" devices through a /32 the way you can with /30 or /31.
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Frequently Asked Questions

What does /32 mean in networking?

A /32 prefix (subnet mask 255.255.255.255) identifies a single specific host IP address. Unlike other prefix lengths, /32 is not a network segment — it has no network address or broadcast address. It is used for loopback interfaces on routers, BGP host routes, and in cloud security rules to reference a single IP address.

What is a /32 used for in AWS security groups?

In an AWS security group inbound rule, specifying a /32 CIDR means 'allow traffic from exactly this one IP address only.' For example, adding 203.0.113.5/32 as an allowed source means only that single IP can reach the resource. It is the most restrictive inbound rule you can write for a specific IP.

Why do routers use /32 for loopback interfaces?

Routers use /32 for loopback interfaces because a loopback is not a physical network segment — it represents a single stable IP address on the router itself. The /32 mask correctly models this: there is no subnet, only the host address. Loopback IPs are used as BGP router IDs and for management access because they stay up as long as the router is running, regardless of which physical interfaces are up.

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